Chapter 10 Answer Key Study Guide My Notebook. Answers will vary, but could include main ideas from the summary or 1 main idea from each Reading (3). Answers for antonyms in chapter summary include: form/break down; remove/keep in place. Student opinions will vary. Watery changes to Earth’s surface might be indicated with either type of map. It depends on what kind of watery change, what previous maps there are to compare, and over what time the change has taken place.

• Rocks And Weathering Guided Study Guide Answer Key
• Rocks And Weathering Answer Key
• Rocks And Weathering Lesson Quiz

Name: Topic 9: Weathering & Erosion (pp.157 – 170) Weathering (p.157 – p.158) The chemical and physical breakdown of rocks at or near Earth's surface is. Rocks And Weathering Guided Study Guide Answers - bookaddictshaun.co.uk sampling techniques in scientific investigations study com - as a member you ll. Chapter 6 Answer Keys Classification of Clastic Sediments 1. By particle size 2. Weathering Classification of Sedimentary Rocks 1. Clastic, organic, and chemical 2. Clastic sedimentary rock is the most common type, and it forms from the lithification of clastic sediments. Chapter 6 Study Guide.

Students can argue that topographic maps show elevation from sea level. Other types of changes such as pollution or oil spills can be better colorized on satellite images. Guided Reading 10.1 Weathering. pieces. moves. forces.

chemical reaction 10.2 Erosion. sediment.

gravity. higher, lower 10.3 Land Features. features. topographic. satellites Let's Review. a. b Check Your Understanding Reading 10.1.

Rocks And Weathering Guided Study Guide Answer Key

No, mountains experience weathering over time and wear down. Old mountains are not very tall and have round peaks with vegetation. Young mountains are tall and have sharp peaks with little or no vegetation. The answer is (a).

Weathering takes a long time. It would take longer than one year, tens or years, or hundreds of years to wear down a mountain. In particular, the Sun drives the water cycle. Water is a major agent of weathering (frost wedging and chemical weathering) and erosion.

Mechanical weathering is the disintegration of rock without changing the chemical composition. Chemical weathering changes the composition of rocks by the chemical breakdown of minerals in the rock. This is decomposition. Weathered rock is transported in part by the force of gravity. Gravity causes weathering rock to move from high to low places either due to falling down a mountain or by the downhill flow of water.

Answers are:. Chemical weathering. Mechanical weathering. Grass growing through a sidewalk can cause the sidewalk to split into pieces. This is physical weathering. Grass would not necessarily cause chemical weathering, however, if the grass splits the sidewalk more, chemical weathering of the sidewalk would deteriorate it further. Factors that affect how fast a rock weathers include: the presence of water, the type of climate (how humid or dry it is), the presence of organisms like plants or animals, the composition of the rock, and the surface area of the rock.

Students may choose any three of these answers. 266 Caves in the U.S. Are often the result of limestone being weathered by water (acidic water). First holes or cracks form in a layer of limestone underground.

Then, as the cracks or hole enlarge, they connect with a water source. The water weathers the limestone. But, eventually the water drains away (sometimes as land is uplifted).

When the water drains away, the passages created by water are exposed. This process can takes tens of thousands of years.

Solve It p.260 Answers are:. Weathering in a wetter, tropical rainforest would happen faster than in a dry desert. Weathering would happen faster on a rock with lots of jagged edges (with more surface area) than on a smooth, round rock (with relatively less surface area). Weathering would happen faster in a a warm environment than in a really cold environment. Weathering would happen faster on a rock with a lot of surface area compared to its volume or a rock with a small amount of surface area compared to its volume. Reading 10.2. Weathering breaks rocks apart and can change their composition.

Erosion moves the pieces of rock and sediment to a new location. Wind, water, ice, and gravity (also, ocean waves/currents, human and animal activity). Deposition is the process of depositing sediment after it has been moved by water, wind, or ice. The steeper the slope of a hillside, the faster that water will run over the slope. Faster water is able to carry more sediment and larger pieces of sediment. The volume of running water and its speed (related to the slope of the land) affect how it erodes the land. Sketch (at right):.

The “up” direction is indicated by particle sizes ranging from larger to fine. The finest particles settle last and indicate the uppermost layer. A glacier would have scratched the surface of rocks. Wind would have removed sediments on the surface leaving behind bare or exposed rock below. Water reduces the friction between the grains of soil increasing the chances for mass wasting. An example is a mudflow.

Sample answer: I have observed erosion at the beach were waves carry away sand from my sand castle. The Dust Bowl could have been lessened or prevented by the use of better farming practices that protect sediment and soil from erosion. These include: installing windbreaks, planting ground cover, and using contour plowing for farming. Both the fence and the beach grass help prevent beach erosion because the plants stabilizing the sand and the fence keeps people from walking in the area.

But, mostly the plants and fence are an attempt to reverse the effects of erosion by trapping sand. Reading 10.3. A topographic map is drawn and shows the contours of the land. A satellite view is a photo taken by a satellite.

Flooding of a river or the erosion of the land by the river both cause a floodplain to form. The soil is fertile because when the river does flood it deposits nutrients in the soil. The answer is (b).

The water flows the fastest on the outside of the curve. Sediment is eroded here.

The water flows the slowest on the inside of the curve. Sediment is deposited here. Meandering scars and oxbow lakes indicate that a river has moved over time. The feature is an oxbow lake. Answers are:.

Rocks And Weathering Answer Key

The river is fastest at the surface. The river is slowest at the bottom. Hypothesis: The river flows slowest at the bottom because of friction between the water and the rocky bottom. 275. approximately 15 kilometers. approximately 60 kilometers Connection.

No, scientists believe that glacial activity occurs in cycles. Glaciers carried the copper as they moved over the land. When they melted, they left the rock they carried behind, some of which contained copper.

Glaciers are sensitive to changes in climate because as the climate warms, more of the glaciers melt during the warmer months. If less and less ice is left after each warm season, the glacier shrinks faster. Activity Accept any reasonable answer for a-f. Sample answers for g and h.

Yes, some of the weathering could have been prevented. I think the school should use efficient gutters, storm drains, and sewers, so that water would runoff causing the least damage. I also think the school should use trees and vegetation for protection from wind and Sun. I predict that the parking lot would begin to be over-grown and there would be many plants growing through the cracks. The paint would be worn away on the building and the mortar would be gone in between any bricks.

Any cloth, such as the flag, would be gone due to weathering. Chapter 10 Review Vocabulary Reading 10.1. weathering.

Rocks And Weathering Lesson Quiz

mechanical weathering. frost wedging. chemical weathering Reading 10.2.

graded bedding. rockfall. deposition.

channel. direction of younging. landslide. mudflow; slumping.

cross bedding. mass wasting. erosion Lesson 10.3. floodplain. braided stream.

meanders. satellite Concepts Reading 10.1. Mountains become rounded, grow more vegetation, and are worn down, so they become lower in elevation.

Yes, mechanical weathering and chemical weathering often working unison. For example, chemical weathering alters the composition of a mineral, which becomes weaker.

The rock in which that mineral is found breaks apart. That is mechanical weathering. The force of gravity causes rocks and sediment (and water) to move downhill.

Rocks break down more as they are transported. Chemical weathering. Probably not.

Frost wedging is the result of ice forming in rocks and then forcing them to split apart. You need freezing temperatures for ice to form. The range of temperature at the equator is above freezing. Hoodoos are formed by sediments being blown by wind so that the structures are abraded over time. This is similar to how sandblasting works. Sandblasting involves using blown sand to clean surfaces by abrading them. The rocks have been abraded by other rocks in the water and smoothed by the fast flowing water.

Biological weathering. Mountain formation involves rocks being pushed upward.

As this happens, pressure on the rock decreases. The pressure decrease causes the rocks to expand and crack. Then, by the process of exfoliation, the outer layers of a rock body peel away and continue to crack and weathering.

Eventually, the rock looks rounded with cracked layers. The roots of a tree can put pressure on rocks and cause them to crack. Chemicals released by the tree can cause chemical weathering of rock.

Weathering is slowest in a dry, cold climate. Reading 10.2.

Waves from the ocean moved sand from the castle into the water. This is an example of erosion.

The smoothness or roughness of the channel affect how sediment is carried. The speed of the water and its energy. The last formed layer is the one with the finest particles.

When graded beds form, sediment is deposited in order of size. The finest particles are always deposited last. Rock flour is the fine rock powder that results from abrasion by glaciers.

Rock flour is a product of erosion. Slumping can happen after a period of very heavy rainfall. Slumping occurs because loose soil particles become separated by water. The water reduces the friction between the particles and that makes it hard for the soil to hold together or support houses. So the land “slumps” and slides downhill. Topsoil is an important resource for farmlands and other lands because it protects deeper soil and sediment from erosion. Reading 10.3.

One pro is the rich soil. One con is the flooding that occurs regularly. A river valley is V-shaped because the river is able to cut down into the land. A glacier makes a U-shaped valley because this mass of ice is able to scoop through a valley. Meandering scars and oxbow lakes. Math and Writing Skills Reading 10.1.

People cannot and should not touch the stones of Stonehenge in order to avoid and reduce further weathering of these outdoor landmarks. Reading 10.2. Soil found in one location could come from any other location. This is because soil is transported by the water cycle and part of the rock cycle. These cycles are continuously moving water and rock around on Earth’s surface. The soil in a location could have come from a mountain top or even have been blown in by the wind. Sample answer: A fence post might start to lean downslope when creep is occurring.

You could measure the amount of lean of the post over time. Sample answer: Cape Cod, MA is an example. The rock on Cape Cod is essentially unconsolidated— a heap of glacial debris. Sample answer: I would plant flowers and trees to prevent soil erosion. Reading 10.3.

The river valley will have a strong V-shape to it or be near its source. As it gets older, the V widens and a floodplain may develop towards its mouth. An oxbow lake formes when a meander becomes a closed loop due to deposition of sediment. The loop appears (from aerial photos) to be pinched off from the river. In time, the loop becomes a lake that is independent from the meandering river and may get farther and farther from the river as it continues to change position.

Test Practice. a. b.

c. a Chapter Project Students are asked to use the scientific process to investigate mechanical and chemical weathering of limestone. Notes about the activity: In the activity, the water is meant to represent mechanical weathering.

However, water does react chemically with limestone over time. The vinegar is meant to represent chemical weathering. It may take leaving the limestone chips in the vinegar overnight or longer to see results with this treatment. If vinegar is too expensive to use, then just use the water treatment. Limestone chips can be purchased at home improvement stores or businesses that sell landscaping materials. Sample answers for question 10:.

The container with water only represents mechanical weathering. The container with vinegar represents mechanical and chemical weathering since the shaking of the container aids in the process of breaking down the chips. The data and graph (not shown) show that weathering increases over time.

Over time, the shaking of the containers causes the chips to hit against each other so that more surface area is further exposed to more and more mechanical or chemical weathering. This rubric may be used to grade the chapter activity. The maximum amount of points for the project (using this rubric) is 30 points. Points earned Investigation completed Yes 5 points Partially yes 4 points Incomplete 3 points No 0 points Data recorded in a notebook All five 5 points 4 or 3 samples 4 points 2 or 1 samples 3 points No samples 0 points Averages calculated in data table Yes 5 points Partially yes 4 points Incomplete 3 points No 0 points Graph constructed Yes 5 points Partially yes 4 points Incomplete 3 points No 0 points Questions answered Yes 5 points Partially yes 4 points Incomplete 3 points No 0 points Deadline met Yes 5 points Partially yes 4 points Incomplete 3 points No 0 points Total.