Judicial Branch Study Guide Answers
Judicial Branch Study Guide Answer Key
Judicial Branch Test Study Guide Key CE 10a: 1. Which Virginia court is the only one to use juries? Circuit Court. Circle the correct answers. Supreme Court has a judge/ justice and jury/ no jury. Judicial Branch Study Guide Key.docx. Question: Answer: What is the job of the Judicial Branch? What is the name of the highest, most important court in the U.S.? What are the titles of the men and. Nov 17, 2017 - The judicial branch of the U.S. Government is the system of federal courts and judges that interprets laws made by the legislative branch and.
When enslaved African American named Dred Scott lived in Illinois and the Wisconsin Territory, where slavery was banned in both. Scott sued for his freedom, arguing that he was a free man. In 1854, a federal court found against Scott, ruling that he was still a slave. His lawyers appealed to the Court, which heard arguments in 1856 and delivered its decision the following year.
The Court ruled that no African American could be a citizen and that Scott was still a slave, and that the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional. The definition of citizenship. Board of Regents for the state of New York established a voluntary school prayer at the beginning of each day. It read as such, 'Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon thee, and beg they blessings upon us, our teacher, and our country.' Engel filed a petition with the court and said it was a violation of the established clause of the 1st amendment.
SUPC agreed and said that regardless of the fact that it was nondenominational and voluntary, it was still an establishment (endorsement) of religion by the state of New York. Precedent: prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of the establishment clause. Kids tried to wear a black armband to school to protest Vietnam War, the faculty heard about the plan before it happened, and then made a rule that anyone caught wearing this armband would be suspended until they were willing to come back without it. The First Amendment, as applied through the Fourteenth, did not permit a public school to punish a student for wearing a black armband as an anti-war protest, absent any evidence that the rule was necessary to avoid substantial interference with school discipline or the rights of others. (The black armbands did not cause a disturbance or offend anyone so the punishment was unjust). Armband was speech and was intended to convey a message. They did not disturb class or stop teaching, so their 1st amendment rights were violates, since the administration had no proof that they would cause a disturbance.
At the time Roe was decided, most states severely restricted or banned the practice of abortion. Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington, brought a lawsuit on behalf of a pregnant woman. Was not endangered but did not have enough money to go out of state and terminate her pregnancy. Wade tried this as unconstitutional.
Lawsuit was filed against Henry Wade ( Dallas county district attorney). Texas law stated a woman could have an abortion only if it was to help the health of the mother. The Court ruled that Texas law was violated a women's zone to privacy.
They agreed with Roe, they won the case. Marvin Miller ran mail order porn business. He sent unsolicited advert through mail and was convicted for violating CA law making it a misdemeanor knowingly distribution unsolicited obscene material through the mail. A state may enact and enforce obscenity statutes reflecting contemporary community standards if the regulated work taken as a whole appeals to the prurient interest, depicts or describes in a patently offensive way sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law, and if the work as a whole lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value.
Judicial Branch - The Supreme Court The Judicial Branch of the government is made up of judges and courts. Federal judges are not elected by the people. They are appointed by the president and then confirmed by the Senate. There is a hierarchy of federal courts in the United States. At lowest level are 94 U.S. District Courts which cover different regions of the country and handle most federal cases.
Above the District Courts are the 13 Courts of Appeals. At the top of the Judicial Branch is the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has the final say. The United States Supreme Court Building Federal judges are appointed for life. They can only be removed from office by death or by impeachment from Congress. This is to allow judges to make decisions based on their conscience and not on what they feel they need to do to get elected.
The job of the courts is to interpret the laws of the Congress. They do not make laws. They also only make decisions on actual cases where someone has shown that they have been harmed.
The Supreme Court The highest court in the United States is the Supreme Court. The Constitution doesn't say how many Supreme Court Justices there should be. There have been as few as 6 justices in the past, but since 1869 there have been 9 justices. The President nominates all the Supreme Court members and the Senate confirms them.
They hold their offices for life. The Supreme Court doesn't have a lot of trials. What they mostly do is review cases that have been appealed from the lower courts. Not all cases that are sent to the Supreme Court are reviewed. Around 7,500 requests are sent to the Supreme Court each year and they only consider around 150 important enough to review.
The Judicial Process The Constitution states that every person has the right to a fair trial before a competent judge and a jury of their peers. The Bill of Rights adds to this guaranteeing other rights such as a speedy trial, the right to legal representation, the right not to be tried for the same crime twice, and protection from cruel punishments.
Once arrested for a crime, the accused will get to appear before a judge to be charged with the crime and to enter a plea of guilty or not-guilty. Next the accused is given a lawyer, if they can't afford their own, and is given time to review the evidence and build up their defense.
Then the case is tried before a judge and a jury. If the jury determines that the defendant is not-guilty, then charges are dropped and the accused goes free. If the jury has a guilty verdict, then the judge determines the sentence. If one side feels that the trial wasn't handled correctly or fairly, they can appeal to a higher court. The higher court may overturn the decision or keep it the same. The highest court is the Supreme Court. There is no appealing a Supreme Court decision.
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